First of all, Light DOES NOT have color, this is true, the color of the object is NOT a physical property of light. Color is property of the object.
Color is produced by the absorption of selected wavelengths of light by an object. Objects can be thought of as absorbing all colors except the colors of THEIR APPEARANCE which are reflected, A red apple absorbs all wavelengths of light except red, which it reflects, A blue ball absorbs all wavelengths of light except blue, which it reflects, A yellow filter absorbs all wavelengths of light, except yellow...Every object have Its own unique color, and ONLY because of this we get the wavelength corresponding to the color reflected, Any peace of transparent color glass is a filter, letting through light of Its OWN COLOR, If some other light strikes the filter, It cannot get through, that's an example.
IF absolutely no light was present and you were in a dark room, the orange would still be orange, because its structure only allows it to reflect that color. So once you turn on the light it will be orange for your eyes.
So, basically we will see the wavelenght reflected (this wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the object color, so If your cones are working properly you will se exactly how it is) watch the video "What is color? Flame Challenge Winner 2014" on youtube, to a deeper understanding (the video also explains colour blindness, which I'm not entering in details here.)
Is your red the same as my red?
YES, It is! Maybe you see more shades of red than me, this is due to slight differences in our biology, But the wavelength corresponding to red IS and WILL BE processed in the same way, because that's what your eyes are processing, the objective wavelength corresponding to red (the object's color), so your eyes will form 'red' (doesn't matter if you have 3, 4, or 12 cones) red is red, and red must be processed as 'RED'. You will only get a different color If you are colour blind, but keep in mind that the objective reality NEVER CHANGES because of your perception. MAYBE you see more shades of red, or more shades of blue than me, but red still red, the red of the apple NEVER CHANGES, color is property of the OBJECT. Perception vs Reality. The same goes to someone who have myopia, will perceive the world differently, but in the objective world, nothing changes, this is Subjective vs Objective.
Another good example are Infrared vibrates atoms, UV freed electrons, and Milimeter-wave moves atoms. Surely Infrared has explicitly different meaning to atoms & molecule than a UV has to them. IF your eyes sees each spectrum as distinct color of distinct 'meaning', then same is for nature (atoms and molecules) which it gave different actions to them; it ISN'T a continuum of spectrum that mean nothing like in drawings. The idea that 'color' didn't exist outside human mind is debunked...
Color is NOT a result of our brains or eyes. If that was the case then every camera would need to have a living brain and a living set of eyes attached to it. How else would the camera be able to record images in color? Cameras are just a machine with very light-sensitive film that does nothing else but react to specific wavelengths of light that are exposed to it. No brain, no eyes. Yet it still is able to record any color.That's because the colors ARE "out there". When the shutter of the camera opens it lets them hit the film within. That's all there is to it. Our eyes and brains are basically the exact same thing as a camera when it comes to seeing colors. Every camera records pictures of the real-world colors. Have you ever seen a photograph of purple person against a orange sky, with pink clouds? Sure some film may be cheap in quality, but it won't make that kind of mistake. Color IS in fact "out there", separate from us, just like gravity, streets and everything else. It doesn't need our brains and eyes to perceive it or interpret it. If every single person on earth were to die tomorrow, nothing would happen to the colors we see now, they'll still be the same as they always have been, day in and day out. You can argue (yes, but you are seeing it, that's why It's colored) No, remove your brains and the image still there, and colored, It's doesn't transfer anything into a "perception just for our brains, Rather, it captures the exact wavelengths of light/color in a nearly perfect mirror image as a record. A record that is an independent verification of what the real world looks like when viewed eyes or a brain. And what about the 'Chameleons' or Jellyfish in nature that needs color to attract their preys? Jellyfishs doesn't even have a brain). So the idea that color was created just for the human brain is debunked.
I can describe the language representations of colours in an objective way:
Red is ~650 nm, which predominately activates the cone cell for red.
Green is ~520 nm, which predominately activates the cone cell for green.
Blue is ~400 nm, which predominately activates the cone cell for blue.
Light with wavelengths in between these can activate more than one cone cell. Light can also contain more than one wavelength of photons at the same time.
If both red and green cone cells are activated at the same time, it is experienced as a different colour called yellow (or chartreuse, orange depending on proportions).
Green + blue is called turqoise (or cyan, aquamarine depending on proportions).
Red + blue is called magenta (or pink, purple depending on proportions).
Red + blue + green is called white and an absences of light is called black.
Pigments are substances that absorb or reflect light. For instance, a red pigment is one that absorbs light that corresponds to red. When you mix pigments, they don't behave like adding light sources of different colour. If you mix a substance that absorbs light wave that correspond to green (appears magenta as it reflects blue and red) and a substance that absorbs red (appears cyan, as it reflects blue and green) what you get is not magenta + cyan, instead you will absorb both red and green and it will appear blue.
Now, our perception is relative. Relative to your biological hardware. Such as your cone cells.. If you have more red cones than someone else, you’re going to be able to see more shades of red. If you’re lacking green cones, you’re not going to be able to see green. That’s how light works.. It strikes an object and reflects back the corresponding wave length. Infrared and UV light waves are not light waves that interact with an object’s color, rather other properties. Such as a flower petal having a surface that is able to reflect UV light. Your cone cells have actual pigment in them.. Red pigment in red cones, green in green cones, and blue pigment in blue cones. Each individual cone cell has countless pigments in it, each with varying degrees of concentration. So when you’re looking at some green grass, sunlight is hitting it and reflecting back a very specific wave length. The grass is green, but the light wave reflected back isn’t actually green in color, but it will only be able to pass through a specific concentration of green pigment in a green cone cell.. and when it passing through that, it sends the whole image already colored to your brain.. If you don’t have any green cone cells, there will be no green pigment to allow the light wave that corresponds to green to pass through. So there is green color to grass, a colorless wavelenght reflected back that corresponds to green will be perceived in your eyes by your cones and then will send the green color to your optic nerve, with the rest of the image. Color exists out in the world.. but how we perceive it, is relative. Although, your brain can really jack up the signals being interpreted.. such as synesthesia, our brain isn't creating, it is interpreting.
REFERENCES:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UZ5UGnU7oOI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Um0ZXhrQUJ4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZsUWZRiTE1A
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8_fZPHasdo
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